[DOWNLOAD] "Immigrants and Employment: A Comparison of Montreal and Toronto Between 1981 and 1996." by Canadian Journal of Regional Science * eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free

📘 Read Now     📥 Download

eBook details

• Title: Immigrants and Employment: A Comparison of Montreal and Toronto Between 1981 and 1996.
• Author : Canadian Journal of Regional Science
• Release Date : January 22, 1999
• Genre: Social Science,Books,Nonfiction,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 275 KB

Description

Immigrants continue to have higher unemployment rates and lower wages than Canadian-born workers even after controlling for variations in educational attainments (Badets and Howatson-Lee 1998; Reitz 1998). Recent efforts to explain immigrants' economic difficulties have examined their skills and educational attainments and access to social institutions; however, these analyses have addressed the national situation (Boyd 1992; Reitz 1998; DeVoretz 1995). Researchers have often overlooked the diverse economic opportunities and constraints that immigrants encounter when they settle in Canada's largest cities (Badets and Howaston-Lee 1998; Pendakur and Pendakur 1998). To illustrate the importance of intermetropolitan diversity, this study examines the labour market segmentation of immigrant workers in the Toronto and Montreal Census Metropolitan Areas.(1) Specifically, the sectoral distributions of immigrant and Canadian-born workers of both sexes in 1981, 1991 and 1996 are compared. The extent to which workers are concentrated in specific industrial sectors are evaluated to determine which birthplace groups have experienced improving economic circumstances and which have suffered economic decline. Although the analysis is descriptive, we speculate on the reasons that some immigrant groups have been more successful than others in each metropolitan area. The study adds to our understanding of the economic performance of immigrants and their impacts upon the Canadian economy in three ways. By extending the empirical analysis to 1996, we update previous studies that concentrated on trends between 1981 and 1991 (Chui and Devereaux 1995; Preston and Giles 1997; Mata 1996). Substantial changes in economic circumstances and Canadian immigration policy since 1991 have affected immigrants' economic integration. The most severe recession since the Great Depression has had a major impact on the economies of both metropolitan areas. The decision to maintain high immigration levels has meant that a large number of recent immigrants have arrived during a period of serious economic difficulties.

Download Books "Immigrants and Employment: A Comparison of Montreal and Toronto Between 1981 and 1996." PDF ePub Kindle